Which of the following protocols is primarily responsible for dynamic routing?

Dynamic routing protocols are essential for automatically determining the best paths for data communication within a network. OSPF, or Open Shortest Path First, is one such protocol and plays a critical role in dynamic routing. It enables routers to communicate with each other and exchange information about network topology and routes, allowing them to make informed decisions about the most efficient paths for sending data packets.

OSPF is particularly favored for its ability to quickly adapt to changes in the network, such as the addition or removal of routers or connections. By recalculating routes and distributing this information throughout the network, OSPF ensures that data can still reach its destination efficiently, even when network conditions change unexpectedly.

In contrast, the other protocols listed do not serve the primary function of dynamic routing. ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) is primarily used for sending error messages and operational information, FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is focused on transferring files, and DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) is utilized for assigning IP addresses and other network configuration parameters to devices on a network. Thus, OSPF stands out as the correct answer as it specifically facilitates dynamic routing.